Beh 225 Final Project Essay Example

Beh 225 Final Project Essay Example Beh 225 Final Project Essay Beh 225 Final Project Essay Profile Report Final Project By Beth Lowery BEH 225 The person that I chose to interview for my profile report is my sister’s boyfriend Dan, he is 31 years old. I had him take the personality test first (Myers Briggs). I asked him if he had ever taken the Myers Briggs test before or any other personality tests and his response was no. It took him approximately 30 minutes to complete the test. His results were ESTJ, Extroverted 70%, Sensing 53. 13%, Thinking 55. 26%, and Judging 61. 29%. ESTJ is categorized as â€Å"administrator†, much in touch with the external environment and very responsible. I found more information on what ESTJ really means on the personality page web site and printed them out and gave them to Dan to further understand his results. On the website he was categorized as â€Å"The Guardian†. Here is a part from the ESTJ portrait: As an ESTJ, your primary mode of living is focused externally, where you deal with things rationally and logically. Your five senses in a literal, concrete fashion. ESTJ’s live in a world of facts and concrete needs. They live in the present, with their eye constantly scanning their personal environment to make that everything is running smoothly and systematically. They honor traditions and laws, and have a clear set of standards and beliefs. They expect the same of others, and have no patience or understanding of individuals who do not value these systems. They value competence and efficiency, and like to quick results for their efforts. ESTJ’s are take-charge people. They have a clear vision of the way that things should be, that they naturally step into leadership roles. They are self-confident and aggressive. They are extremely talented at devising systems and plans for action, and at being able to see what steps need to be taken to complete a specific task. They can sometimes be very demanding and critical, because they have such strongly held beliefs, and are likely to express themselves without reserve if they feel that someone isn’t meeting their standards. But at least their expressions can be taken at face-value, because the ESTJ is extremely straight-forward and honest (personalitypage). I asked Dan if he felt that his results were accurate. He said some of it he felt was accurate and some things were accurate. He said some of the accurate things that stuck out were that he likes taking charge and being involved in leadership roles. Then I asked him what experiences do you feel contributed most in the development of you personality? He seemed confused by the question and I had to repeat it a couple times. His best response that he could give me is that he grew up in a dysfunctional home. I did not ask any further questions pertaining to that answer because it was not important to this paper. In my results for the Myers Briggs test was ISFJ. I believe that this online test was not a very good one. I do not think that it would give very accurate results. The questions are not detailed enough and I think that the results in this test are assumptions. My results ISFJ stand for introverted, sensing, feeling, and judging. And I was categorized as â€Å"conservator†, desires to be of service and to minister to individual needs, and very loyal. I could say that I somewhat agree to my results. I believe that I like to help out people when they are in need when I can and I feel that I am loyal. In comparison with Dan results my highest percentage trait was introverted and Dan’s was extroverted. Then I asked Dan about his learning and memory process. I asked if he remembered information more accurately if he observes the behavior being performed, or does he prefer to read how the behavior is performed, and he was quick to respond that he likes to observe the behavior. Then I asked Dan if he prefers studying in a library, or at home where there are background noises and some distractions. This question turned out to be a humorous moment. I asked the question as I was waiting for a response he was into whatever was on the television and did not get a response. I had to get his attention again and re asks the question. I was pretty sure on what his response would be, he answered that he prefers to study in a library. My answers to these two questions would be that I prefer to observe behaviors rather than read them and I prefer to study in a quiet place like a library. I then asked Dan if he felt that he is self-monitoring in regards to his attitudes. Some of these questions seemed hard for him to answer. His response was that yes he thinks about what he says and thinks about his actions before acting upon them. I thought that it was a great answer. I was thinking about how I would respond and I thought I do the same thing as Dan’s answer. I think about what I am going to say before I do and think about my actions before I do them. Then I asked Dan what do you feel was the strongest influence on his attitudes. His response was that his environment heavily influences his attitudes, which is the same in my answer. I asked Dan what role do you feel that a person’s race, gender, ethnicity play when forming your personality and attitudes, he said that his attitude depends on the situation, the other person’s attitude and how they carry themselves. Race, gender, or ethnicity does not make a difference it’s their actions that make the difference, which I totally agree. I asked Dan if he feels that he is better at tasks when intrinsically motivated or extrinsically motivated. I had to explain the difference between intrinsically and extrinsically. His response was extrinsically, he feels that if he is offered incentives that he would perform the task more efficiently. I would have to agree if I was offered a raise or a bonus to complete a task rather than a â€Å"good job† I would perform the job better than an intrinsic motivation. In conclusion to this interview and its questions, I found that in the Myers Briggs test that Dan’s top percentage trait and my top percentage trait were different. Dan’s highest percentage trait was extroverted and mine was introverted. So I did some research to find the differences between the two. Extroverted people are in the more outgoing group of people. They are the â€Å"social butterflies† of our society. They are the ones who are more apt to greet people and just join into the group that has already formed. An extrovert loves to be around other people. In fact, they often thrive on it. Extroverts are also more likely to immerse themselves into the more fast paced jobs and other aspects of society. Slower jobs that take a long time to complete frustrate these types of people. They do not possess the patience to complete these tasks efficiently. They like a variety in their work with lots of change and lots of action. They do not mind being interrupted from their tasks by things such as a telephone call. Extroverts like to see the results of their jobs and enjoy seeing how other people do the same job. They are quick workers, but dislike jobs that are complicated. Extroverts are also very good communicators especially verbally. With this there are also some downfalls, though. They often will act or speak quickly without thinking. This can sometimes be a dangerous thing often getting them into trouble. They also learn how to do things much better through their verbal communication and hands-on learning. Introverts are the exact opposites of extroverts in many ways. They are the shyer, quieter people of the world. They often have trouble remembering names and/or faces of people they have met. They prefer to work alone lost in their own thought rather than working with other people on a project. Introverts are often seen as the â€Å"loners† of society. Introverts enjoy working on jobs that require a lot of thinking and that take long periods of time to complete. They are very detail oriented and think everything through thoroughly rather than making quick judgments about something. An introvert does not mind working on a single project for a long period of time and prefers to do so without any interruptions. They like for things to be quiet to aid in their concentration. They are also interested in the idea behind their job rather than how to do it. Introverted people are better communicators through writing and other non-verbal techniques. They like to take the time to think before they speak and act and writing gives them the time that they need. Introverts sometimes have trouble getting their ideas across to others effectively. They find it easier to learn things through reading about it rather than experiencing it. No matter which of these categories a person falls under, it is not a set stereotype. Many people carry attributes from both categories with varying degrees. A person labeled as one or the other does not need to hold true to the stereotype. Everyone is different. These are only the extremes on a wide spectrum of personality types and should be coupled with other factors to create a more accurate personality analysis (essortment). I felt that these differences between the two of are seen and noticed by our own observations of ourselves. I think that it was good that I found someone to interview that has different traits than I. References 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2009 from personalitypage. com/ESTJ. html Turtenwald,G. 2002. Retrieved November 14, 2009 from essortment. com/lifestyle/personalitytips_sbzd. htm

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon Father of the scientific method and the first major English essayist, Francis Bacon published Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human in 1605. This philosophical treatise, intended as an introduction to an encyclopedic study that was never completed, is divided into two parts: the first part broadly considers the excellency of learning and knowledge; the second focuses on the particular acts and works . . . which have been embraced and undertaken for the advancement of learning. Chapter 18 of the second part of The Advancement of Learning offers a defense of rhetoric, whose duty and office, he says, is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. According to Thomas H. Conley, Bacons notion of rhetoric seems novel, but what Bacon has to say about rhetoric . . . is not as novel as it has sometimes been represented, however interesting it might be otherwise (Rhetoric in the European Tradition, 1990). On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence* from The Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon 1 Now we descend to that part which concerneth the illustration of tradition, comprehended in that science which we call rhetoric, or art of eloquence; a science excellent, and excellently well laboured. For although in true value it is inferior to wisdom, as it is said by God to Moses, when he disabled himself for want of this faculty, Aaron shall be thy speaker, and thou shalt be to him as God; yet with people it is the more mighty: for so Salomon saith, Sapiens corde appellabitur prudens, sed dulcis eloquio major a reperiet1; signifying that profoundness of wisdom will help a man to a name or admiration, but that it is eloquence that prevaileth in an active life. And as to the labouring of it, the emulation of Aristotle with the rhetoricians of his time, and the experience of Cicero, hath made them in their works of rhetorics exceed themselves. Again, the excellency of examples of eloquence in the orations of Demosthenes and Cicero, added to the perfection of the precepts of eloqu ence, hath doubled the progression in this art; and therefore the deficiences which I shall note will rather be in some collections, which may as handmaids attend the art, than in the rules or use of the art itself. 2 Notwithstanding, to stir the earth a little about the roots of this science, as we have done of the rest; the duty and office of rhetoric is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. For we see reason is disturbed in the administration thereof by three means; by illaqueation2 or sophism, which pertains to logic; by imagination or impression, which pertains to rhetoric; and by passion or affection, which pertains to morality. And as in negotiation with others, men are wrought by cunning, by importunity, and by vehemency; so in this negotiation within ourselves, men are undermined by inconsequences, solicited and importuned by impressions or observations, and transported by passions. Neither is the nature of man so unfortunately built, as that those powers and arts should have force to disturb reason, and not to establish and advance it. For the end of logic is to teach a form of argument to secure reason, and not to entrap it. The end of morality is to procur e the affections to obey reason, and not to invade it. The end of rhetoric is to fill the imagination to second reason, and not to oppress it: for these abuses of arts come in but ex obliquo3, for caution. 3 And therefore it was great injustice in Plato, though springing out of a just hatred to the rhetoricians of his time, to esteem of rhetoric but as a voluptuary art, resembling it to cookery, that did mar wholesome meats, and help unwholesome by variety of sauces to the pleasure of the taste. For we see that speech is much more conversant in adorning that which is good, than in colouring that which is evil; for there is no man but speaketh more honestly than he can do or think: and it was excellently noted by Thucydides in Cleon, that because he used to hold on the bad side in causes of estate, therefore he was ever inveighing against eloquence and good speech; knowing that no man can speak fair of courses sordid and base. And therefore as Plato said elegantly, That virtue, if she could be seen, would move great love and affection; so seeing that she cannot be showed to the sense by corporal shape, the next degree is to show her to the imagination in lively representation: for to sh ow her to reason only in subtlety of argument was a thing ever derided in Chrysippus4 and many of the Stoics, who thought to thrust virtue upon men by sharp disputations and conclusions, which have no sympathy with the will of man. 4 Again, if the affections in themselves were pliant and obedient to reason, it were true there should be no great use of persuasions and insinuations to the will, more than of naked proposition and proofs; but in regard of the continual mutinies and seditions of the affections, Video meliora, proboque,Deteriora sequor, 5 reason would become captive and servile, if eloquence of persuasions did not practice and win the imagination from the affections part, and contract a confederacy between the reason and imagination against the affections; for the affections themselves carry ever an appetite to good, as reason doth. The difference is, that the affection beholdeth merely the present; reason beholdeth the future and sum of time. And therefore the present filling the imagination more, reason is commonly vanquished; but after that force of eloquence and persuasion hath made things future and remote appear as present, then upon the revolt of the imagination reason prevaileth. 1 The wise-hearted is called discerning, but one whose speech is sweet gains wisdom (Proverbs 16:21).2 The act of catching or entangling in a snare, thus entrapping in an argument.3 indirectly4 Stoic philosopher in Greece, third century BC5 I see and approve the better things but follow the worse (Ovid, Metamorphoses, VII, 20). Concluded on page 2*This text has been taken from the 1605 edition of  The Advancement of Learning, with spelling modernized by editor William Aldis Wright (Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1873). 5 We conclude therefore that rhetoric can be no more charged with the colouring of the worse part, than logic with sophistry, or morality with vice. For we know the doctrines of contraries are the same, though the use be opposite. It appeareth also that logic differeth from rhetoric, not only as the fist from the palm, the one close, the other at large; but much more in this, that logic handleth reason exact and in truth, and rhetoric handleth it as it is planted in popular opinions and manners. And therefore Aristotle doth wisely place rhetoric as between logic on the one side, and moral or civil knowledge on the other, as participating of both: for the proofs and demonstrations of logic are toward all men indifferent and the same; but the proofs and persuasions of rhetoric ought to differ according to the auditors: Orpheus in sylvis, inter delphinas Arion 1 Which application, in perfection of idea, ought to extend so far, that if a man should speak of the same thing to several persons, he should speak to them all respectively and several ways: though this politic part of eloquence in private speech it is easy for the greatest orators to want: whilst, by the observing their well-graced forms of speech, they leese2 the volubility of application: and therefore it shall not be amiss to recommend this to better inquiry, not being curious whether we place it here, or in that part which concerneth policy.   6 Now therefore will I descend to the deficiences, which (as I said) are but attendances: and first, I do not find the wisdom and diligence of Aristotle well pursued, who began to make a collection of the popular signs and colours of good and evil, both simple and comparative, which are as the sophisms of rhetoric (as I touched before). For example:   Sophisma.Quod laudatur, bonum: quod vituperatur, malum.Redargutio.Laudat venales qui vult extrudere merces. 3 Malum est, malum est (inquit emptor); sed cum recesserit, tum gloriabitur!4 The defects in the labour of Aristotle are three: one, that there be but a few of many; another, that their elenches5 are not annexed; and the third, that he conceived but a part of the use of them: for their use is not only in probation, but much more in impression. For many forms are equal in signification which are differing in impression; as the difference is great in the piercing of that which is sharp and that which is flat, though the strength of the percussion be the same. For there is no man but will be a little more raised by hearing it said, Your enemies will be glad of this, Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae, 6 than by hearing it said only, This is evil for you.   7 Secondly, I do resume also that which I mentioned before, touching provision or preparatory store for the furniture of speech and readiness of invention, which appeareth to be of two sorts; the one in resemblance to a shop of pieces unmade up, the other to a shop of things ready made up; both to be applied to that which is frequent and most in request. The former of these I will call antitheta, and the latter formulae.   8 Antitheta are theses argued pro et contra7; wherein men may be more large and laborious: but (in such as are able to do it) to avoid prolixity of entry, I wish the seeds of the several arguments to be cast up into some brief and acute sentences, not to be cited, but to be as skeins or bottoms of thread, to be unwinded at large when they come to be used; supplying authorities and examples by reference. Pro verbis legis.Non est interpretatio sed divinatio, quae recedit a litera:Cum receditur a litera, judex transit in legislatorem.Pro sententia legis.Ex omnibus verbis est eliciendus sensus qui interpretatur singula. 8 9 Formulae are but decent and apt passages or conveyances of speech, which may serve indifferently for differing subjects; as of preface, conclusion, digression, transition, excusation, etc. For as in buildings there is great pleasure and use in the well casting of the staircases, entries, doors, windows, and the like; so in speech, the conveyances and passages are of special ornament and effect. 1 As Orpheus in the woods, as Arion with the dolphins (Virgil, Eclogues, VIII, 56)2 lose3 Sophism: What is praised is good; what is censured, evil.Refutation: He who praises his wares wishes to sell them.4 Its no good, its no good, says the buyer. But after he goes he exults in his bargain.5 refutations6 This the Ithacan desires, and for it the sons of Atreus would pay much (Aeneid, II, 104).7 for and against8 For the letter of the law: It is not interpretation but divination to depart from the letter of the law. If the letter of the law is left behind, the judge becomes the legislator.For the spirit of the law: The meaning of each word depends on the interpretation of the whole statement.